Substituting all the values in equation (2) and simplify. According to the definition of specific gravity, we can formulate the same mathematically as follows: Let us have a look at the specific gravity of liquid derivation to understand what is specific gravity formula. Let us have a look at the specific gravities of a few familiar objects: If we know the specific gravity of any material then we can easily determine the density of the material. For example, we can think of a plastic ball floating on water. At the same time if the specific gravity of the object is found to be greater than the specific gravity of water i.e., S > 1 then the object will sink in the water. If the specific gravity of the object is less than the specific gravity of water i.e., S < 1 then the object will float on the water. The main application of specific gravity is that it lets us decide whether the given object is denser than the water or not. The specific gravity of the object is always denoted by the letter S. Anyways, there are many other factors that determine whether an object will float or sink, such as density, specific weight, etc. In general, we can say the specific gravity defines whether an object will sink or float in water. Besides, the reference material for liquids is water that always has a density of either 1 gram per cubic centimetre or 1000 kg/m³ and the specific gravity of water is always one. Furthermore, the specific gravity of a liquid or an object can tell us if the object will sink or float in reference material. The specific gravity of liquid refers to the ratio of the density of an object or the fluid and the reference material, usually, water is considered as reference material for fluids and air for gases. In this topic, we will discuss what is specific gravity, what is specific gravity formula and a small derivation of specific gravity formula along with solved examples. The density of the object majorly determines this factor. The specific gravity often is even referred to as the relative density and it is a dimensionless entity. In order to understand fluid dynamics, we must understand what is the specific gravity and the specific gravity formula as a priority. The specific gravity is having much application even in our everyday life. Specific gravity is one of the properties of any fluid.
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